Page Object Model in Playwright is a useful design pattern for organizing test automation code. If you are learning Playwright with TypeScript, understanding POM can help you write cleaner, reusable, and easier-to-maintain automation tests.

At first, POM may look complicated because it introduces multiple files and classes. But once you understand the idea, it can make your automation framework much easier to maintain.

In this blog, we will understand:

• What is Page Object Model?
• Why is POM used in Playwright?
• How does POM work?
• Simple POM example with Playwright and TypeScript
• When should you use POM?
• When can you avoid POM?
• Common mistakes beginners make
• Best practices for Playwright POM

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If you are new to Playwright, you can also explore the official Playwright Documentation to understand the basics of Playwright and test automation.

What is Page Object Model?

Page Object Model (POM) is a design pattern used in test automation.

The basic idea is simple:

Keep the page-related locators and actions in a separate class instead of writing everything directly inside the test.

For example, suppose you are testing a login page.

The login page may contain:

• Username field
• Password field
• Login button
• Error message
• Dashboard navigation

Without POM, you might write all the locators and actions directly inside every test.

With POM, you create a separate LoginPage class.

That class contains the login page’s locators and actions.

Your test then becomes much cleaner.

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Why Use Page Object Model in Playwright?

Imagine you have 20 tests that use the login page.

You have written this locator in many tests:

page.locator('#username')

Later, the application’s developer changes the username field.

For example:

<input id="user-email">

Now you may need to update the locator in many test files.

This can become difficult to manage.

With POM, the locator can be maintained in one place.

For example:

this.username = page.locator('#username');

If the locator changes, you update it inside the page object.

Your tests can continue using:

await loginPage.login();

This is one of the biggest advantages of POM.

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How Does Page Object Model Work?

A simple Playwright POM structure can look like this:

playwright-project
│
├── tests
│   └── login.spec.ts
│
├── pages
│   └── LoginPage.ts
│
├── playwright.config.ts
└── package.json

Here:

tests

Contains your test cases.

pages

Contains page classes such as:

• LoginPage
• HomePage
• ProductPage
• CheckoutPage

The page class handles the interaction with that page.

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